Vines grow on trees throughout our state. Many are harmless to trees, and some are quite attractive clinging to the trunk, like Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) in the fall, with its bright red foliage.
Some vines, however, can harm the tree and possible kill it. Vines that grow through the tree and cover the canopy are considered aggressive. Examples of aggressive vines are wild grapes (Vitis spp.), green briar (Smilax spp.), trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), wisteria (Wisteria spp.), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and others.
When vines smother the canopy, the tree’s leaves are no longer receiving adequate sunlight for photosynthesis. This process is how trees, and all plants, produce food for themselves. Without food production, the tree declines and eventually dies.
Management
Aggressive vines should be managed to promote tree health and vigor. Vines can be cut at ground level. However, these vines will resprout, so application of a herbicide is necessary for management. Vines can be repeatedly cut without herbicide application, but this is a tedious and time-consuming process. Since most aggressive vines are woody plants, herbicides that contain triclopyr and are labeled for vines can be used.
One effective application is to use the cut-stump method. Cut the vine at ground level then immediately apply the proper herbicide to the stump. This method usually prevents resprouting. Retreatments may be needed on some species though. Follow all label instructions concerning mixing and application of herbicides and use caution when applying these herbicides around other woody plants, including the tree itself.
Do not try to immediately remove the vines from the tree. These vines are wrapped around branches and have tendrils clinging to everything in the canopy. Aggressively pulling on these vines will result in damage to the tree. Wait for the vines to dry and become brittle before removing. This may take several months, so be patient.
In instances where the tree is completely engulfed in vines and in severe decline, management will not benefit the tree. Many vines, including aggressive ones, provide habitat and food for many wildlife species. Proper management includes selecting trees that will benefit from vine removal and leaving those untreated that won’t.